Dampness in Buildings

 Dampness in buildings is a persistent issue that affects both structural integrity and indoor air quality. Whether caused by rising damp, penetrating damp, or condensation, moisture problems can lead to mold growth, structural degradation, and aesthetic damage. Implementing professional damp-proofing solutions ensures durability, safety, and longevity.

This guide outlines advanced damp protection techniques for walls and slabs, covering prevention, treatment, and maintenance strategies.

1. Damp Protection in Walls

Walls are highly susceptible to moisture ingress due to capillary action, rainwater penetration, and condensation. Addressing these issues requires a multi-layered approach involving structural modifications, chemical treatments, and proper drainage systems.

A. Preventing Rising Damp (Capillary Action from the Ground)

Rising damp occurs when ground moisture travels upward through walls via capillary action. Over time, this leads to paint peeling, efflorescence (salt deposits), and structural deterioration.

Key Solutions:

✅ Damp Proof Course (DPC):

Install a continuous DPC layer (bituminous sheet, PVC membrane, or polymer-modified cementitious coating) at the plinth level.

Ensure the DPC extends across the entire width of the wall to block moisture movement.

✅ Chemical Damp Proofing:

Inject silane/siloxane-based waterproofing chemicals into masonry to block capillary action.

Use epoxy-based injection grouts for severe damp conditions.

✅ Subsurface Drainage Systems:

Install perforated drainage pipes around the foundation.

Use a granular filter bed to reduce hydrostatic pressure and prevent moisture accumulation.

B. Preventing Penetrating Damp (Rainwater Ingress from External Walls)

Penetrating damp occurs when rainwater infiltrates porous walls, cracks, or faulty joints. It is common in wind-driven rain areas, buildings with poor external finishes, or structures with leaking roofs.